TSA Liquid Rules: The 3-1-1 Rule

TSA’s Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule allows a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes in a carry-on bag, limited to containers of 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item, and TSA’s travel checklist lists 1 bag per passenger.

Maintained by Archie Chang · Sources checked against TSA, CBP, eCFR and Federal Register text on November 2, 2026 · Methodology & sources

Not an official source. FedRateCalc is independent and is not affiliated with the Transportation Security Administration, U.S. Customs and Border Protection or the Department of Homeland Security. tsa.gov and cbp.gov are the authority for fees, screening and program rules. The wording on this page is TSA's, as tsa.gov showed it on November 2, 2026.

The rule in TSA’s words

The Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule page says:

“You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes in your carry-on bag and through the checkpoint. These are limited to travel-sized containers that are 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. Placing these items in the small bag and separating from your carry-on baggage facilitates the screening process. Pack items that are in containers larger than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters in checked baggage.”
TSA, Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule (tsa.gov)

TSA’s travel checklist lists these items under the rule:

“1 quart size, clear, plastic, zip top bag (all liquids must fit in bag)
1 bag per passenger
”
TSA, Travel Checklist (tsa.gov), Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule

TSA also calls it the 3-1-1 liquids rule. The TSA pages saved for this page do not spell out what each number in 3-1-1 stands for.

“If you are preparing for your flight, be aware that how and what you pack can impact the screening process. Be sure that you check for prohibited items and remember to follow the 3-1-1 liquids rule.”
TSA, Security Screening (tsa.gov)
“All liquids, aerosols and gels packed in carry-on bags must be 3.4 ounces (100 mL) or less. Travelers must pack certain foods, such as sauces, jam, preserves and wine – which are considered liquids or gels – in checked bags if they exceed 3.4 ounces. If you can spill it, spread it, spray it, pump it or pour it, and it’s larger than 3.4 ounces, it should go in a checked bag.”
TSA, Travel Tips (tsa.gov), Refresh your memory on the liquid rules

Liquid items as TSA lists them

These entries come from TSA’s What Can I Bring? Food and Medical lists, copied as TSA wrote them when we checked on November 2, 2026.

Liquid items as TSA lists them
ItemCarry on bagsChecked bagsTSA note
Bottled WaterYes (Less than or equal to 3.4oz/100 ml allowed)Yes
Eye DropsYes (Less than or equal to 3.4oz/100 ml allowed)Yes
Baby FormulaYes (Special Instructions)YesSee the entry quoted below
Breast MilkYes (Special Instructions)YesSee the entry quoted below
Baby FoodYesYesBaby food is allowed in reasonable quantities in carry-on bags.
Contact Lens SolutionYesYesSee the entry quoted below
“Solid food items (not liquids or gels) can be transported in either your carry-on or checked bags. Liquid or gel food items larger than 3.4 oz are not allowed in carry-on bags and should be placed in your checked bags if possible.”
TSA, What Can I Bring? Food (tsa.gov), Bread

Exemptions TSA lists

The rule page lists exemptions:

“Exemptions
Medications

Infant and child nourishments
”
TSA, Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule (tsa.gov)

TSA attaches conditions to each in its guidance. For medications, TSA’s travel tips say:

“Medication in liquid form over 3.4 ounces (100 mL) is allowed in carry-on bags in reasonable quantities for a flight. Passengers don’t need to place medically required liquids in a zip-top bag. However, you must tell the officer you have medically necessary liquids at the start of the screening process. Medically required liquids are subject to additional screening that may include travelers being asked to open containers.”
TSA, Travel Tips (tsa.gov), Packing your meds

An entry on the Medical list adds a warning about one product:

“TSA allows larger amounts of medically necessary liquids, gels, and aerosols in reasonable quantities for your trip, but you must declare them to security officers at the checkpoint for inspection. Any oversized medically-necessary liquids that alarm during screening, testing positive for certain chemicals, may not be allowed through the screening checkpoint. Some contact lens solutions contain chemicals that typically alarm and may not be permitted through the checkpoint. We recommend placing contact lens solutions over 3.4 ounces in your checked baggage.”
TSA, What Can I Bring? Medical (tsa.gov), Contact Lenses

For formula, breast milk, toddler drinks and baby food, the Food list says:

“Formula, breast milk, toddler drinks, and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) in quantities greater than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters are allowed in carry-on baggage and do not need to fit within a quart-sized bag. Formula, breast milk, toddler drinks, and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) are considered medically necessary liquids. This also applies to breast milk and formula cooling accessories, such as ice packs, freezer packs, and gel packs (regardless of presence of breast milk). Your child or infant does not need to be present or traveling with you to bring breast milk, formula and/or related supplies.”
TSA, What Can I Bring? Food (tsa.gov), Baby Formula
“Inform the TSA officer at the beginning of the screening process that you are carrying formula, breast milk, toddler drinks, and baby/toddler food (to include puree pouches) in excess of 3.4 ounces. Remove these items from your carry-on bag to be screened separately from your other belongings. TSA officers may need to test the liquids for explosives or concealed prohibited items.”
TSA, What Can I Bring? Food (tsa.gov), Baby Formula

Duty free liquids on inbound international flights

“You may carry duty free liquids in secure, tamper–evident bags, more than 3.4 oz or 100 ml in your carry-on bag if:
The duty free liquids were purchased internationally and you are traveling to the United States with a connecting flight.

The liquids are packed in a transparent, secure, tamper-evident bag by the retailer and do not show signs of tampering when presented to TSA for screening.

The original receipt for the liquids is present and the purchase was made within 48 hours.

The items inside the secure, tamper-evident bags must be screened and cleared. Any item that alarms or is unable to be screened will not be permitted in your carry-on bag. We recommend packing all liquids, gels, and aerosols that are over 3.4 oz or 100 ml in your checked baggage, even if they are in a secure, tamper-evident bag.

Liquids more than 3.4 oz or 100 ml not in a secure, tamper-evident bag must be packed in checked baggage.
”
TSA, Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule (tsa.gov), Inbound International Flights

Alarms and the officer’s decision

“Any liquid, aerosol, gel, cream or paste that alarms during screening will require additional screening.”
TSA, Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule (tsa.gov)
“Even if an item is generally permitted, it may be subject to additional screening or not allowed through the checkpoint if it triggers an alarm during the screening process, appears to have been tampered with, or poses other security concerns.”
TSA, What Can I Bring? Food (tsa.gov)
“The final decision rests with the TSA officer on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint.”
TSA, What Can I Bring? Food (tsa.gov)
“TSA uses unpredictable security measures, both seen and unseen, throughout the airport. All travelers will be screened, and no individual is guaranteed expedited screening.”
TSA, TSA PreCheck page (tsa.gov/precheck)

TSA PreCheck and liquids

TSA’s PreCheck page and FAQ describe where the liquids stay during screening. The TSA pages saved for this page do not say that TSA PreCheck changes the 3.4-ounce container limit. What TSA PreCheck costs and who can join is on the TSA PreCheck cost page.

“With TSA PreCheck leave in your bag electronics and 3-1-1 liquids and leave on belts, light jackets, and shoes.”
TSA, TSA PreCheck page (tsa.gov/precheck)
“If a TSA PreCheck® lane is not available, please show your TSA PreCheck® boarding pass and you may be able to keep 3-1-1 liquids and laptops in your bag, and shoes and light jackets on while accessing the standard screening lane. Eligible passengers should check with the TSA officer on duty.”
TSA, TSA PreCheck FAQ (tsa.gov/precheck/faq), “What happens when there isn’t a dedicated TSA PreCheck® lane?”

Frequently asked questions

What is the TSA liquids rule?

TSA’s Liquids, Aerosols, and Gels Rule says a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes is allowed in a carry-on bag and through the checkpoint, limited to travel-sized containers of 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. TSA also uses the name 3-1-1 liquids rule.

How big can liquid containers be in a carry-on bag?

TSA says 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item, and that items in containers larger than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters are packed in checked baggage.

How many liquid bags are allowed per passenger?

TSA’s travel checklist lists a 1 quart size, clear, plastic, zip top bag and 1 bag per passenger.

What does TSA say about medications and baby formula?

TSA’s rule page lists medications and infant and child nourishments under exemptions. TSA’s entries attach conditions: medication in liquid form over 3.4 ounces is allowed in carry-on bags in reasonable quantities for a flight, medically necessary liquids must be declared to an officer at the start of screening, and formula, breast milk, toddler drinks and baby food over 3.4 ounces are removed from the bag to be screened separately, where officers may test the liquids.

Can liquids over 3.4 ounces go in checked bags?

TSA says to pack items in containers larger than 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters in checked baggage, and says liquids over that size that are not in a secure, tamper-evident bag under its duty free rules must be packed in checked baggage.

Does TSA PreCheck change the liquids rule?

TSA says that with TSA PreCheck travelers leave 3-1-1 liquids in the bag during screening. The TSA pages saved for this page do not say that TSA PreCheck changes the 3.4-ounce container limit.

Who decides whether an item gets through the checkpoint?

TSA says the final decision rests with the TSA officer on whether an item is allowed through the checkpoint.